Search results for "Liquid metal"

Corrosion Phenomena of Eurofeer Steel in Pb-17Li Stationary Flow at Magnetic Field

2006

Search of new energy sources draws the increasing attention to use for this purpose of reactors. In the Europe some years the program EUROATOM uniting scientific of the many countries for the decision of constructive problems at designing of fusion reactors operates. One of the main things in this program is the problem of liquid metals breeder blanket behaviour. Structural material of blanket should meet high requirements because of extreme operating conditions. Therefore the knowledge of the effect of metals flow velocity, temperatures and also a neutron irradiation and a magnetic field on the corrosion processes are necessary. At the moment the eutectic lead -lithium (Pb-17Li) is conside…

On the impact of the heat transfer modelling approach on the prediction of EU-DEMO WCLL breeding blanket thermal performances

2020

Abstract The Water-Cooled Lithium-Lead Breeding Blanket is a key component of a fusion power plant, in charge of ensure Tritium production, shield Vacuum Vessel and magnets and remove the heat power deposited by radiation and particles arising from plasma. The last function is fulfilled by First Wall and Breeding Zone independent cooling systems. Several layouts of BZ coolant system have been investigated in the last years to identify a configuration that might guarantee EUROFER temperature below the limit (550 °C) and good thermal-hydraulic performances (i.e. water outlet temperature of 328 °C). A research activity is conducted to study and compare different modelling approaches to simulat…

Contactless magnetic excitation of acoustic cavitation in liquid metals

2015

A steady axial magnetic field is applied to a liquid metal zone heated by induction currents. The resulting alternating Lorentz force causes pressure oscillations that being strong enough lead to cavitation in the molten metal. Amplitude of the pressure oscillations is proportional to the product of the induced currents and the steady axial magnetic field induction. We follow an approach where the acoustic pressure is maximized by the induction currents. The onset of cavitation is identified by the occurrence of sub-harmonics of the drive frequency in sound recorded at the surface of the experimental cell. It is demonstrated that cavitation in a liquid metal may be excited by a superimposed…

Analysis of magnetohydrodynamic generator driven by thermoacoustic engine for deep Space applications

2020

This paper discusses the results of theoretical and experimental investigation of magnetohydrodynamic generator with liquid metal working body. This electric machine is used to convert mechanical energy, supplied by thermoacoustic engine, to an AC form of electrical energy. The purpose of this technology is an electricity production in deep Space, potentially suitable for long term missions far away from Sun.

A numerical model for coupled free surface and liquid metal flow calculation in electromagnetic field

2014

Space Thermoacoustic Radioisotopic Power System, SpaceTRIPS: The Magnetohydrodynamic Generator

2021

Electricity production is a major problem for deep space exploration. The possibility of using radioisotope elements with a very long life as an energy source was investigated in the framework of an EU project “SpaceTRIPS”. For this, a two-stage system was tested, the first in which thermal energy is converted into mechanical energy by means of a thermoacoustic process, and the second where mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy by means of a magnetohydrodynamic generator (MHD). The aim of the present study is to develop an analytical model of the MHD generator. A one-dimensional model is developed and presented that allows us to evaluate the behavior of the device as regards…

Resolving gas bubbles ascending in liquid metal from low-SNR neutron radiography images

2021

We demonstrate a new image processing methodology for resolving gas bubbles travelling through liquid metal from dynamic neutron radiography images with an intrinsically low signal-to-noise ratio. Image pre-processing, denoising and bubble segmentation are described in detail, with practical recommendations. Experimental validation is presented—stationary and moving reference bodies with neutron-transparent cavities are radiographed with imaging conditions representative of the cases with bubbles in liquid metal. The new methods are applied to our experimental data from previous and recent imaging campaigns, and the performance of the methods proposed in this paper is compared against our p…

Solid inclusions in an electromagnetically induced recirculated turbulent flow: Simulation and experiment

2014

Abstract The paper presents the numerical and the experimental investigation of the particle-laden recirculated turbulent flow of liquid metal that is driven by electromagnetic force. Such flow is typical for induction metallurgical furnaces. The paper describes the behaviour of solid spherical particles that are mixed in the flow from a top surface of a melt and covers 3 stages of an admixing process as well as deposition of inclusions on the wall of a vessel. Experimental investigation of particles concentration at the quasi-stationary stage is fulfilled on the basis of a novel idea: ferromagnetic particles are proposed as a physical model of non-conductive inclusions in liquid metal at t…

MHT-X: Offline Multiple Hypothesis Tracking with Algorithm X

2021

An efficient and versatile implementation of offline multiple hypothesis tracking with Algorithm X for optimal association search was developed using Python. The code is intended for scientific applications that do not require online processing. Directed graph framework is used and multiple scans with progressively increasing time window width are used for edge construction for maximum likelihood trajectories. The current version of the code was developed for applications in multiphase hydrodynamics, e.g. bubble and particle tracking, and is capable of resolving object motion, merges and splits. Feasible object associations and trajectory graph edge likelihoods are determined using weak mas…

Velocity measurements in the liquid metal flow driven by a two-phase inductor

2012

We present the results of velocity measurements obtained by ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry and local potential probes in the flow of GaInSn eutectic melt driven by a two-phase inductor in a cylindrical container. This type of flow is expected in a recent modification to the floating zone technique for the growth of small-diameter single intermetallic compound crystals. We show that the flow structure can be changed from the typical two toroidal vortices to a single vortex by increasing the phase shift between the currents in the two coils from 0 to 90 degrees. The latter configuration is thought to be favourable for the growth of single crystals. The flow is also computed numerically and a …